Kingsborough Community College
of the
City University of New York
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Course Syllabus
PTA 2
Kinesiology and Applied Anatomy
Course Description: This course is designed to introduce the student to the anatomy of the musculo-skeletal system as well as basic kinesiology concepts. Joint goniometry is presented. The course emphasizes the role and nature of muscles, muscular origins, insertions, and innervations, articular function and structure.
Textbook Requirement: Lippert, Lynn, Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, PA, Second Edition, 1995.
Minor, Mary Alice Duesterhaus, Kinesiology Laboratory Manual for Physical Therapist Assistants, F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
Norkin, Cynthia C. and White, Joyce, Measurement of Joint Motion A Guide to Goniometry, F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1995.
Pre-requisite Courses: BIO 7
Co-requisite Courses: PTA 1, PTA 10, PTA 20, BIO 11
Learning Objectives
As evidenced by successful performance and completion of written and practical examinations, assignments, laboratory activities, papers, oral reports, and role playing and analysis of clinical scenarios, the student will:
1.0 Apply knowledge of anatomy and kinesiology principles.
1.1. Define kinesiology and the common terms associated with this study
1.2. Identify the function and parts of the human skeleton.
1.3. Define and recognize various types of joints, including synovial, cartilagenous, and fibrous.
1.4. Define joint movement by referring to planes of movement and axes.
1.5. Identify and palpate bony prominences and common surface anatomy sites.
1.6. Discuss the concepts of mechanical advantage and leverage.
7.7. Identify origins, insertions, innervations, and actions for major muscles of
the trunk, neck, shoulder girdle, shoulder joint, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee,
ankle and foot.
1.8. Discuss the significance of muscular origins, insertions, innervations and actions as it relates to human movement and physical therapy practices.
1.9. Identify the structure and function of the neck, trunk, and extremities.
1.10.Identify joint play / accessory movement and their relationship to joint
mobility techniques.
1.11.Given movement scenarios, identify joint position, agonists and antagonists,
and synergistic relationships.
2.0 Demonstrate understanding of anatomy and kinesiology principles with principles of muscle contraction.
2.1. State the contractile and mechanical properties of muscle tissue.
2.2 Know types of muscle contractions including, isometric, isotonic,
concentric and eccentric.
2.3. Explain the practical implications related to the types of muscle contractions including: isometric, isotonic, and concentric.
3.0 Implement knowledge of anatomy and kinesiology principles with palpation of
the upper and lower extremities, neck and trunk.
3.1. Palpate superficial bony prominences and soft tissue landmarks.
3.2. Use the skills of soft tissue and bony prominence palpation to identify joint components.
3.3. Report results of palpation and range of motion assessment to supervising physical therapist.
4.0 Implement knowledge of anatomy and kinesiology principles with goniometry.
4.1. Define goniometry, its concepts and importance.
4.2. Explain the importance of goniometry in the practice of physical therapy.
4.3. Perform goniometry accurately and appropriately document range of motion, as well as determine inappropriate documentation and measurement for all
joints.
4.4. Analyze and determine appropriate documentation of joint range of motion.
5.0 Compare alternative methods of assessing human movement (as specifically
addressed in group presentation assignment).
6.0 Given patient scenarios, implement comprehensive physical therapy treatment.
6.1. Perform techniques demonstrating an understanding of the role of the physical therapist assistant in rehabilitation.
6.2 Perform techniques appropriately employing universal precautions and
sound body mechanics.
6.3. Perform palpations and goniometry techniques considering influences of pathologies.
6.4. Perform muscle length assessment such as Thomas and Ober test.
6.5. Perform palpations and goniometry techniques considering influencing
factors (psychosocial, cultural, economic, legal/ ethical, etc.).
6.6. Correlate palpation sites with potential pathologies and precautions (entrapment, pressure sensitivity, etc.).
6.7. Identify response(s) that require the attention of the supervising physical therapist.
6.8. Communicate patient response to supervising physical therapist.
7.0 Demonstrate appropriate professional behavior.
7.1. Attend and be on time for class, lab, and scheduled appointments.
7.2. Be prepared for lab activities; attend to tasks assigned.
7.3. Accept constructive criticism and respond and/or follows through appropriately.
7.4. Express self in a clear and easily understood manner.
7.5. Maintain appropriate personal hygiene.
7.6. Treat others with positive regard, dignity and respect.
7.7. Analyze and examine professional literature considering: specific scientific methods, interpretation of results, and clinical significance in order to foster
further personal investigation and clinical effectiveness.
7.8. Explain the importance of life long learning.
7.9. Describe how professional development can occur.
Student Assessment
As indicated in the student handbook, to receive a passing grade in this course the student must successfully complete all comprehensive examinations and assignments with a grade of “C” or better. Additionally, the instructor assesses student competencies in skills critical to this course using the standardized skills checklists, located in the laboratory, requiring a passing score of at least 90%. Critical skills in this course include:
1. Accurate performance of goniometry for the shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, hip, knee and ankle.
2. Palpation of soft tissue and bony prominences of the shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, hip, knee, and ankle.
Grade Determination
Assigned Reading Exercises 10%
Mid-Term Examination 20%
Group Presentation 5%
Paper 5%
Participation 10%
Laboratory Activities 5%
Quizzes 10%
Practical Exam 15%
Final Examination 20%
_________
100%
Assigned Reading Exercises
A series of questions are assigned for each weekly reading assignment. Assignments must be typewritten and submitted the day of the lecture associated with the reading assignment. Each assignment is worth approximately eight tenths of a percentage point for a total ten percent of the total earned grade. Missed assignments will be accepted without penalty up to one week after the due date.
Mid-Term Examination
The student will take a cumulative examination covering the first six weeks of the course. The examination will include mainly short essay and fill in type questions. The mid-term examination is worth twenty percent of the final grade.
Group Presentation
Students in the class will be divided into study groups of three to five. Each group will be assigned a relevant topic. The group will be responsible for making a comprehensive presentation on the assigned topic. Presentations will be made from the sixth week through the twelfth week of the course. The presentation is worth five percent of the final grade.
Paper
Each student will be assigned a relevant topic. Each student will submit a paper, 5-7 pages in length, on the assigned topic. The topic will be assigned by week number three. The paper is due by week number ten. The paper is worth five percent of the final grade.
Laboratory Activities
A variety of laboratory activities will be performed throughout the course. Certain laboratory activities will be completed and submitted to the instructor for grading. Laboratory activities are worth ten percent of the final grade.
Quizzes
A total of five written quizzes will be given throughout the semester. These quizzes are worth ten percent of the final grade.
The student will complete a practical examination. This examination will be designed to assess students abilities in performing randomly assigned
Final Examination
The student will take a cumulative final examination. The examination will include mainly short essay and fill in type questions. The final examination is worth twenty percent of the final grade.
Course Outline
Week # 1—Introduction & Skeletal System Review
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 1-16
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-7 p.16
This initial week introduces students to the definition of kinesiology and the rationale for its study, general clinical kinesiological terms and concepts. Descriptive terminology and specific joint movements, as well as types of motion are reviewed and studied. Introduction to the skeletal system (concurrent with BIO 11) is also undertaken.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, pp. 1-10 Exercise 2
Laboratory activities include skeletal system exercises and introductory activities in mechanics. Students are introduced to basic principles of goniometry and types of goniometers.
Week #2—Articular and Muscular System
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 17-38
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-10 p. 29
During this week the student is introduced to the definition, type and components of the human joint. Cardinal planes and axes of movement are reviewed (BIO 7). Study of the muscular system is begun including, purpose of muscles, nomenclature and physical characteristics.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 3
Students perform activities reinforcing kinesiological concepts. Students identify movements, axes and planes on each other. Students perform goniometric measurements on known angles.
Week #3—Muscular System
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 38-49
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-10 p.48
This week includes the continuation of the examination of the muscular system. Topics covered this week include: the functional characteristics of muscle tissue, and the definitions of stretching and tenodesis. The concepts of leverage and mechanical advantage are also presented. The roles of muscles and types of muscle contraction are reviewed.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 3 con’t
Students continue to perform practical activities demonstrating and applying kinesiological principles of leverage and advantage. Students perform activities demonstrating isotonic and isometric muscle contractions. Students perform and compare open and closed chain activities.
Week #4—The Neck & Trunk
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 259-284
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-10 p. 284
This week introduces the student to the neck and trunk. Emphasis is placed on the identification of bones, landmarks, joints and ligaments. Trunk movements are reviewed. Origins, insertions, innervation and actions of key muscles are presented.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor Exercise 3 con’t.
Students continue to perform practical activities demonstrating and applying kinesiological principles. Students review, analyze, and role play patient scenarios demonstrating practical application of principles and concepts presented thus far.
Week #5--The Shoulder Girdle
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 83-103
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-10 p. 103
This week introduces the student to the shoulder girdle. Emphasis is placed on the identification of bones, landmarks, joints and ligaments. Shoulder girdle movements are reviewed. The mechanics of movement are presented including scapulo-humeral rhythm. Origins, insertions, innervation and actions of key muscles are presented.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 4
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the shoulder girdle. Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Students palpate superficial landmarks of the shoulder girdle.
Week #6--The Shoulder Joint
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 105-123
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-11 p. 123
This week introduces the student to the gleno-humeral joint. Emphasis is placed on the identification of joint motions, range of motion, bones and landmarks, and the joint capsule. Shoulder goniometry is introduced. Origins, insertions, innervations, and actions of key muscles are presented.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 5
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the gleno-humeral joint. Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Students palpate superficial bony and muscular landmarks of the gleno-humeral joint. Assessment and measurement of flexibility and muscle length is discussed with emphasis on two joint muscles. Shoulder goniometry is presented, practiced and performed. Patient scenarios highlighting brachial plexus injury with emphasis on its impact on the shoulder joint are reviewed.
Week #7--The Elbow Joint and Forearm
Midterm Examination
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 125-145
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-14 p. 143
This week introduces the student to the elbow joint and forearm. Emphasis is placed on the identification of joint motions, range of motion, mechanics, bones, landmarks and ligaments. Origins, insertions, innervations and actions of key muscles are presented.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 6
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the elbow and forearm. Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Students palpate superficial bony and muscular landmarks of the elbow joint. Assessment and measurement of flexibility and muscle length is discussed with emphasis on two joint muscles. Elbow goniometry is presented, practiced and performed.
Week #8--The Wrist & Hand
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, pp. 145-185
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-10 p. 158
This week examines the wrist. Emphasis is placed on the identification of joint motions, mechanics, bony landmarks and ligaments. Origins, insertions, innervations and actions of key muscles are presented.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 7
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the wrist and hand. Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Students palpate superficial bony and muscular landmarks. Assessment and measurement of flexibility and muscle length is discussed with emphasis on two joint muscles. Wrist and hand goniometry is presented, practiced and performed.
Week #9--The Hip Joint
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Lippert, 187-212
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-11 p. 212
Paper Due
The structure, motions and mechanics of the hip joint are presented. Bony landmarks of the pelvis and proximal femur are reviewed. The functional anatomy of the joint capsule is presented. Angle of declination and femoral torsion are discussed and related to function. Origins, insertions, innervations and actions of key muscles are reviewed.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 9
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the hip joint. Students palpate superficial bony and muscular landmarks of the hip. Assessment and measurement of flexibility and muscle length is discussed with emphasis on two joint muscles. Hip goniometry is presented, practiced and performed.
Week #10—The Hip con’t
Lecture
The discussion of the hip continues with an examination of the muscular origins, insertions, innervations and actions of key muscles. The synergistic nature of hip muscle actions are presented.
Laboratory
Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Patient scenarios highlighting hip pathologies including coxa valgus/varus, ante/retroversion, avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis are analyzed. Their impact on hip movement is explored.
Week #11--The Knee Joint
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 213-229
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-13 p. 228
The structure and motions of the knee joint are presented. Emphasis is placed on the bony landmarks, ligaments, cartilage, and mechanics of the knee joint. Origins, insertions, innervations and actions of key muscles are reviewed.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 10
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the knee. The functional implications of genu recurvatum, valgus, and varus are explored. Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Students palpate superficial bony and muscular landmarks of the knee. Assessment and measurement of flexibility and muscle length is discussed with emphasis on two joint muscles. Knee goniometry is presented, practiced and performed.
Week #12--The Ankle and Foot
Lecture
Reading Assignment: Lippert, pp. 231-257
Reading Exercise: Review Questions 1-12 p. 257
The structure, motions, and mechanics of the foot and ankle are presented. Emphasis is placed on bony landmarks, and key ligaments. Origins, insertion, innervations and actions of major muscles are reviewed.
Laboratory
Assignment: Minor, Exercise 11
Students perform group and individual activities that facilitate a greater understanding of the anatomy and kinesiology of the ankle and foot. Muscular origins and insertions are reviewed. Students palpate superficial bony and muscular landmarks. Assessment and measurement of flexibility and muscle length is discussed with emphasis on two joint muscles. Ankle goniometry is presented, practiced and performed.