Lecture 1 Basic HTML

Basic Head Tags

<html></html> Creates an HTML document
<head></head> Sets off the title and other information that isn't displayed on the Web page itself
<title>My first HTML document</title>
<body></body> Sets off the visible portion of the document

<body leftmargin="10" topmargin="10" marginwidth="10" marginheight="10">

topmargin, leftmargin used by Microsoft Internet Explorer
marginwidth, marginheight used by Netscape Navigator

To suppress margins, set all values to "0"

<body bgcolor=?> Sets the background color, using name or hex value
<body text=?> Sets the text color, using name or hex value
<body link=?> Sets the color of links, using name or hex value
<body vlink=?> Sets the color of followed links, using name or hex value
<body alink=?> Sets the color of links on click
<body link="#000033" vlink="#003399" alink="#cc9900" text="#333333">

Text Tags

<hl></hl> Creates the largest headline
<h6></h6> Creates the smallest headline
<b></b> Creates bold text
<i></i> Creates italic text
<tt></tt> Creates teletype, or typewriter-style text
<cite></cite> Creates a citation, usually italic
<em></em> Emphasizes a word (with italic or bold)
<strong></strong> Emphasizes a word (with italic or bold)
<font size=?></font> Sets size of font, from 1 to 7)
<font color=?></font> Sets font color, using name or hex value

LINKS

<a href="URL"></a>
Creates a hyperlink

This a link to <a href="my.html">My page</a>.

The text between the <a> and the </a> is used as the caption for the link. It is common for the caption to be in blue underlined text.

To link to a page on another Web site you need to give the full Web address (commonly called a URL),

This is a link to <a href="http://www.kingsborough.edu">KINGSBOROUGH</a>.

<a href="mailto:EMAIL"></a>
Creates a mailto link

<a name="NAME"></a>
Creates a target location within a document

<a href="#NAME"></a>
Links to that target location from elsewhere in the document

Formating
<p></p> Creates a new paragraph
<p align=?> Aligns a paragraph to the left, right, or center
<br> Inserts a line break
<blockquote> </blockquote> Indents text from both sides
<dl></dl> Creates a definition list
<dt> Precedes each definition term
<dd> Precedes each definition definition list. This allows you to list terms and their definitions	<dl> <dt>the first term</dt> <dd>its definition</dd> <dt>the second term</dt> <dd>its definition</dd> <dt>the third term</dt> <dd>its definition</dd> </dl>
<ol></ol> Creates a numbered list numbered list, often called an ordered list	<ol> <li>the first list item</li> <li>the second list item</li> <li>the third list item</li> </ol>
<li></li> Precedes each list item, and adds a number
<ul></ul> Creates a bulleted list bulletted list, often called an unordered list.	<ul> <li>the first list item</li> <li>the second list item</li> <li>the third list item</li> </ul>

	<ol> <li>the first list item</li> <li> the second list item <ul> <li>first nested item</li> <li>second nested item</li> </ul> </li> <li>the third list item</li> </ol>
<div align=?> A generic tag used to format large blocks of HTML, also used for stylesheets

Graphical elements
<img src="name"> Adds an image <img src="name.jpg" width="200" height="150"> <img src="name.jpg" width="200" height="150" alt="my image "> Assuming this has been written in the file "name.html", you can add one as follows using the longdesc attribute: <img src="peter.jpg" width="200" height="150" alt="my image" longdesc="name.html"> You can turn an image into a hypertext link, for example, the following allows you to click on the company logo to get to the home page: <a href="/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="home page"></a>
<img src="name" align=?> Aligns an image: left, right, center; bottom, top, middle
<img src="name" border=?> Sets size of border around an image
<hr> Inserts a horizontal rule
<hr size=?> Sets size (height) of rule
<hr width=?> Sets width of rule, in percentage or absolute value
<hr noshade> Creates a rule without a shadow

Tables
<table></table> Creates a table	Tables Samples
<tr></tr> Sets off each row in a table
<td></td> Sets off each cell in a row
<th></th> Sets off the table header (a normal cell with bold, centered text)

Table Attributes
<table border=#> Sets width of border around table cells
<table cellspacing=#> Sets amount of space between table cells
<table cellpadding=#> Sets amount of space between a cell's border and its contents
<table width=# or %> Sets width of table — in pixels or as a percentage of document width
<tr align=?> or <td align=?> Sets alignment for cell(s) (left, center, or right)
<tr valign=?> or <td valign=?> Sets vertical alignment for cell(s) (top, middle, or bottom)
<td colspan=#> Sets number of columns a cell should span
<td rowspan=#> Sets number of rows a cell should span (default=1)
<td nowrap> Prevents the lines within a cell from being broken to fit

Forms
For functional forms, you'll have to run a script. The HTML just creates the appearance of a form.
<form></form> Creates all forms
<select multiple name="NAME" size=?></select> Creates a scrolling menu. Size sets the number of menu items visible before you need to scroll.
<option> Sets off each menu item
<select name="NAME"></select> Creates a pulldown menu
<option> Sets off each menu item
<textarea name="NAME" cols=40 rows=8></textarea> Creates a text box area. Columns set the width; rows set the height.
<input type="checkbox" name="NAME"> Creates a checkbox. Text follows tag.
<input type="radio" name="NAME" value="x"> Creates a radio button. Text follows tag
<input type=text name="foo" size=20> Creates a one-line text area. Size sets length, in characters.
<input type="submit" value="NAME"> Creates a Submit button
<input type="image" border=0 name="NAME" src="name.gif"> Creates a Submit button using an image
<input type="reset"> Creates a Reset button